Shaxda tusmada
Vikings iyo Celts waxay ahaayeen laba beelood oo caan ah oo saameyn weyn ku leh beddelka habka taariikhda. Inkasta oo ereyadan si is beddel ah loo isticmaalo, labadan kooxood waxay wadaagaan aqoonsigooda gaarka ah.
Marka, Celts-ku ma ahaayeen Vikings? Maya, isku mid maaha,
Inta ay sii wadaan kicinta dareenka bulshooyinka kala duwan, ma aha isku mid. Maqaalkan, waxaan ku faah-faahin doonaa kala duwanaanshaha muhiimka ah ee u dhexeeya Celts iyo Vikings iyo sida ay uga tageen raad joogto ah gobolka.
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Shaxda Tusmada
- >
- Brythonic (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Britons) Celts waxay degeen England > Gaelic Celts kuwaas oo saldhig u ahaa. Ireland, Scotland, iyo Isle of Man
- Gaulic Celts waxay ku noolaayeen maanta oo dhan Faransiiska, Switzerland, Belgium, iyo waqooyiga Talyaaniga.
Yey ahaayeen Celts?
Celts waxay ahaayeen ururin qabiilo ka talin jiray Bartamaha Yurub 600 BC ilaa 43 AD. Tan iyo markii ay ahaayeen kooxaha caanka ah ee Iron Age, Celts ayaa sidoo kale lala xiriiriyay helitaanka birta guud ahaan.
“Celts” waa magac casri ah oo loo isticmaalo in lagu tilmaamo qabiilooyin badan oo Yurubta Galbeed ah xilligaas. [1] Si gaar ah uma tixraacdo koox gaar ah oo dad ah. Qabiiladan ayaa ku kala baahsanaa meelo kala duwan oo Yurub ah oo dhanka waqooyi ka xiga badda Mediterranean-ka.
![](/wp-content/uploads/ancient-history/152/ujpm8ljjyr-1.png)
QuartierLatin1968, The Ogre, Dbachmann, Superwikifan; shaqada derivative Augusta 89, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Sida laga soo xigtay taariikhyahano badan, waxaa la aaminsan yahay in magaca "Celts" uu markii ugu horeysay isticmaalay Juqraafiga Giriigga, Hecataeus of Miletus, 517 AD isagoo qeexaya reer guuraakooxda ku nool France. [2]
Maanta, kelmeddu waxay leedahay macnayaal badan oo hoose: waa xaraf sharafeed dhexdiis faracyada Iskotishka, Welsh, iyo Irishka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la eego ereyada taariikhiga ah, way adagtahay in la qeexo dhaqanka Celtic sababtoo ah kooxda sida weyn u kala firirsan.
Sidoo kale eeg: 23 Calaamadaha Muhiimka ah ee Wakhtiga Macnaha Maadaama ay Celt-ku ku noolaayeen dhul ballaadhan – oo ay inta badan deggenaayeen gobollada kala duwan ee Badhtamaha Yurub, dunida Celtic kuma xidhna meel keliya. Sida mid ka mid ah kooxaha qawmiyadaha ugu waaweyn Yurub, Celts waxay u qaybsameen saddex kooxood oo waaweyn:Kooxaha Celtic ee kala duwan awgeed, dhaqamada iyo caadooyinku maaha kuwo isku mid ah oo inta badan way ku kala duwanaan karaan asal ahaan. Guud ahaan, Celts waxay ahaayeen beeraley ku tiirsan beeraha noloshooda.
Waxay marar badan isku dhaceen Roomaanka, kuwaas oo isku dayay inay la wareegaan maamulka dhulkooda. Dagaalada, Celts waxay adeegsan jireen seefo, warmo, iyo gaashaan si ay isaga difaacaan kuwa soo duulay.
Maxay ahaayeen Vikings?
Viking-ku waxay ahaayeen koox dhallinyaro ah oo bad-mareen ah oo isku dayay inay noloshooda ka dhistaan duullaan iyo dhac ay ka geystaan gobollada u dhow ee qaaradda Yurub. Waxay ahaayeen asal ahaanlaga soo bilaabo Scandinavia (800 AD ilaa qarnigii 11aad), taas oo macnaheedu yahay in dadkani ay ahaayeen asal Norse ah.
Sidaas darteed, waxaa loogu yeeri jiray Norsemen ama deenishka. Erayga "Vikings" waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalay in lagu qeexo shaqo. [3] Inkasta oo ay ka soo jeedaan wadamada Waqooyiga Yurub, waxay u safri lahaayeen dhul fog sida Britain, Ruushka, iyo Iceland si ay u weeraraan gobollada burcad-badeed ama ganacsato.
Danmark waxay had iyo jeer caan ku ahaayeen soo duulayaasha ama ugaarsadaha qaaliga ah ee waqtigaas. Waxay ka mid ahaayeen dad badan oo Jarmal ah oo loo malaynayo inay u yimaadeen inay weeraraan boqortooyooyinkii Anglo-Saxon qarnigii 8aad.
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Marshall, H. E. (Henrietta Elizabeth), b. 1876, Qaybta Dadweynaha, iyada oo loo sii marayo Wikimedia Commons
Sidoo kale eeg: Queen Ankhesenamun: Geerideeda dahsoon & amp; Qabriga KV63Vikings iyo Celts: Waxyaabaha ay iskaga mid yihiin iyo Farqiga
Isku mid Dadka Jarmalka. Labadan qabiilba waxay qabsadeen jasiiradaha Ingiriiska, inkastoo labada kooxood ay sameeyeen calaamad aan kan kale ku lug lahayn. Labaduba hal dhul ayey wada qabsadeen wakhtiyo kala duwan.
Labadaba waxa loo tixgalin jiray inay yihiin kuwo "aan xadaarad lahayn" marka loo eego macnaha gudaha maadaama ay ahaayeen cawaan, naxariis la'aan, iyo gaalo-raac. Marka laga reebo, ma jiraan wax badan oo isbarbar dhaqameed oo ka dhexeeya labada kooxood.
Farqiga u dhexeeya
Vikings iyo Celts labaduba waa qoomiyad soo jiidasho lehkooxo aakhirkii noqday farcankii Anglo-Saxon ee Ingiriiska. Dadka ayaa inta badan ku jahawareersan halka ay ka soo jeedaan labada reer iyo sida ay ku yimaadeen.
Waxaan soo diyaarinay liis ay ku kala duwan yihiin labada kooxood si ay kaaga caawiyaan inaad soo koobto liiska.
asal ahaan iyo asal ahaan
Celts-ka ayaa ka hor yimid jidka Vikings-ka, qiyaastii 600 BC. Waxay u badnaayeen Barbariyiin ah oo markii ugu horreysay loo diiwaan geliyay inay qabsadaan dhul u dhow webiga Danube. Boqortooyadoodu waxay ka bilaabataa badhtamaha iyo bariga Faransiiska ilaa jamhuuriyadda Czech.
Kooxaha kale ee Celtic sida Ingiriiska iyo Gaelic Celts ayaa sidoo kale laga helay iyagoo deggan Waqooyiga Galbeedka Yurub.
Dhanka kale, degsiimooyinka Viking weligood laguma dhejin meel isku mid ah. Budhcad-badeeddan waxay ka soo jeedaan Scandinavia, oo ah qayb hoos timaada Waqooyiga Yurub oo ka kooban wadamada Waqooyiga Yurub ee Denmark, Norway, iyo Sweden. Waxay bilaabeen weerarro danab ah 793 AD markii ay weerareen Lindisfarne ee Ingiriiska. [4]
Intii lagu jiray dhowrkii sano ee ugu horreeyay weerarradoodii, Vikings-ka Danishka weligood ma degin hal meel oo dagaallo ayay galeen. Viking-yadu waligood may dadaalin in ka badan dhawr mayl gudaha ah waxayna door bideen inay sii joogaan dhulka xeebaha ah.
Habka Nololeed
>Dadka Celtic waxay inta badan ku milmeen hab-dhaqanka beeraha ee xilligii birta.
Celts waxay lahaayeen maamul habaysan oo diiradda saaraya dhisidda bulsho, liddi ku ahVikings, kuwaas oo had iyo jeer ahaa socodka. Noloshii Celts waxay ahayd mid aan caadi ahayn, oo diiradda saarey daryeelka dalagyada, daryeelka guryahooda, cabitaanka, iyo khamaarka.
Midda kale, Viking-yadu waxay had iyo jeer raadinayeen inay ballaariyaan dhulkooda oo ay duulaan ku qaadaan aagagga. Iyadoo Celts ay ahaayeen barbariyiin difaac ah, Vikings ayaa weeraray meelo badan oo xeebaha ah si ay uga faa'iidaystaan.
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James Ward (1851-1924), domain dadweyne, iyada oo loo sii marayo Wikimedia Commons
Dhaqanka iyo khuraafaadka
Marka laga hadlayo dhaqanka Celtic, khuraafaadku waa laf dhabarta. Celt-yadu waxa ay caan ku ahaayeen qaab-farshaxankooda, dabeecadda polygenist-ka, iyo hiddaha luqadeed. Khuraafaadka Celtic iyo halyeeyadu waa ururinta sheekooyinka dadkii hore ee Celtic kuwaas oo lagu soo gudbiyay suugaanta afka ah.
Dhanka kale, Vikings-ku waxa ay rumaysnaayeen qaab-dhismeedka khuraafaadka Norse-ka ee la taageeray xilligii Viking-ga. Sheekooyinkaas diimeed iyo calaamaduhu waxay macno siiyeen nolosha Vikings-ka waxayna saameyn ku yeesheen hawl maalmeedka dadka.
In kasta oo labadooduba ay wadaagaan isku mid, khuraafaadka Viking-ku waxa ay ka yimaaddaan dadka Jarmalka Waqooyi, halka khuraafaadka Celtic ay saamayn ku yeesheen Celt-yada Bartamaha Yurub. [5]
Gabagabo
Celts iyo Viking-yadu waxay wadaagaan isku mid laakiin laguma darin karo hal koox. Waxay lahaayeen caadooyin, dhaqan, farshaxan iyo taariikh u gaar ah oo mid walba ka madax bannaan yahaykale.
In kasta oo laga yaabo inay mar uun saamayn ku yeesheen dhaqanka midba midka kale, haddana laguma dari karo sidii qowmiyad keliya oo Yurub ka jirta.