维京人是如何捕鱼的?

维京人是如何捕鱼的?
David Meyer

在中世纪初期,维京人常常与残酷的战斗和凶猛的袭击联系在一起。 然而,他们并没有把所有时间都花在血腥的战斗上,他们还精通耕作和狩猎技术,以维持生计。

虽然他们靠简单的饮食维持生计,但也偶尔吃些鱼和肉。

在这篇文章中,我们将了解维京人如何使用他们的捕鱼方法来准备和成功捕鱼,这也是现代捕鱼技术的前身。

目录

    维京人喜欢钓鱼吗?

    根据考古证据,捕鱼在维京人的经济中扮演着重要角色。

    经过多次发掘,在废墟、坟墓和古镇中发现了许多他们的捕鱼设备。

    斯堪的纳维亚人习惯于各种极端温度。 当无法在零度以下的气温下耕种庄稼时,他们中的大多数人就发展出了捕鱼、狩猎和伐木的技能,这些技能必须一直保持下去。 由于他们在水上度过了大量的时间,捕鱼构成了维京人饮食的主要部分。

    See_also: 武士使用什么武器?

    考古证据证实,维京人是熟练的渔民。 据了解,维京人食用海洋中的各种鱼类 [2],从鲱鱼到鲸鱼,他们的食物种类繁多!

    Leiv Eiriksson 发现北美

    Christian Krohg,公有领域,通过维基共享资源

    维京捕鱼法

    与现代世界相比,维京时代的捕鱼设备相当有限。

    由于过去出土的设备数量相对较少,因此很难对中世纪维京人的捕鱼方式进行全面分析。

    他们喜欢吃各种各样的鱼--鲑鱼、鳟鱼和鳗鱼等淡水鱼很受欢迎。 此外,鲱鱼、鳕鱼和贝类等咸水鱼也被广泛食用。

    维京人采用独特的捕鱼方法来丰富他们的渔业经济,其中一些方法如下。

    渔网

    哈夫网是爱尔兰海最著名的捕鱼技术之一 [3],与用网捕鱼的原始方式不同,哈夫网是在一根 14 英尺的杆子上套上 16 英尺长的网丝。

    根据许多历史学家的说法,当北欧人来到爱尔兰海域时,北欧水手们开发出了一种更适合当地潮汐的捕鱼方法。 [4] 在这种方法中,北欧渔民不在舒适的船上抛线,而是站在水中同时拿着渔网杆。

    这种方法会形成一个类似足球门的结构,将毫无防备的鲑鱼或鳟鱼困在壕沟中。 这一过程也被称为 "Haafing"。

    See_also: 罗马人说什么语言?

    据现代渔民称,这种方法虽然有效,但也很耗时。 这些渔民不得不在冰冷的水中一站就是几个小时,因为鱼儿会从四面八方一头扎进他们的腿里。

    捕鱼季节的快感激励着北欧渔民挑战自己的极限!

    长矛

    在中世纪,捕鱼通常在独木舟和附近的海床区域进行。

    据推测,除了鱼钩和鱼刺,长矛也是用削尖的树枝制成的。

    据说渔夫在长竿上安装了两只手臂,同时串起鳗鱼。

    浮网和沉网

    除了渔网,浮网在北欧国家也被广泛使用。 这些浮网由桦树皮制成,通常密度较低。 这些浮网可以使用很长时间,是钓竿或钓线等其他捕鱼工具的最佳替代品。

    沉网器是用皂石制成的,典型的样子就像一块块钻了孔的燧石,木棍插在这些大洞里。 这些沉网器被固定在网布上,在保持浮力的同时,还能无缝地捕到鱼。

    他们是如何准备鱼的?

    尽管谷物和蔬菜对维京人的饮食至关重要,但鱼类和肉类也是他们的美味佳肴。 家畜在农舍饲养,易于烹制,而鱼类则需要经过熏制、腌制和风干后才能端上餐桌。

    发酵格陵兰鲨鱼肉

    署名:Chris 73 / Wikimedia Commons

    维京人制作咸鱼的方法如下:

    • 他们切开鱼头和内脏,彻底清洗干净。
    • 然后,将鱼肉分层存放在一个木制容器中,并加入足够的盐,使鱼肉层层分开。
    • 它们在这些容器中存放了几天
    • 接着,他们擦干盐分,用锋利的刀子在尾巴上划开一道口子。
    • 然后用亚麻线将鱼尾捆成对
    • 之后,再用一根结实的绳子把它挂起来,在室外晾晒一周。
    • 准备食用时,用剪刀将肉质部分与骨头分开或切成细条。

    这一严格的过程所需的努力不亚于在海床上捕鱼。

    结论

    尽管维京人是中世纪的一个显赫群体,但他们却走在了时代的前列。 捕鱼在他们的经济中比农业更不可或缺,因此成为维京时代最常见的职业之一。

    维京人精通多个领域,并在不同的领域运用其独特的技术。

    标题图片来源:Christian Krohg,公有领域,通过维基共享资源(添加了现代人与思考泡泡的叠加)。




    David Meyer
    David Meyer
    Jeremy Cruz, a passionate historian and educator, is the creative mind behind the captivating blog for history lovers, teachers, and their students. With a deep-rooted love for the past and an unwavering commitment to spreading historical knowledge, Jeremy has established himself as a trusted source of information and inspiration.Jeremy's journey into the world of history began during his childhood, as he avidly devoured every history book he could get his hands on. Fascinated by the stories of ancient civilizations, pivotal moments in time, and the individuals who shaped our world, he knew from an early age that he wanted to share this passion with others.After completing his formal education in history, Jeremy embarked on a teaching career that spanned over a decade. His commitment to fostering a love for history among his students was unwavering, and he continually sought innovative ways to engage and captivate young minds. Recognizing the potential of technology as a powerful educational tool, he turned his attention to the digital realm, creating his influential history blog.Jeremy's blog is a testament to his dedication to making history accessible and engaging for all. Through his eloquent writing, meticulous research, and vibrant storytelling, he breathes life into the events of the past, enabling readers to feel as if they are witnessing history unfold beforetheir eyes. Whether it's a rarely known anecdote, an in-depth analysis of a significant historical event, or an exploration of the lives of influential figures, his captivating narratives have garnered a dedicated following.Beyond his blog, Jeremy is also actively involved in various historical preservation efforts, working closely with museums and local historical societies to ensure the stories of our past are safeguarded for future generations. Known for his dynamic speaking engagements and workshops for fellow educators, he constantly strives to inspire others to delve deeper into the rich tapestry of history.Jeremy Cruz's blog serves as a testament to his unwavering commitment to making history accessible, engaging, and relevant in today's fast-paced world. With his uncanny ability to transport readers to the heart of historical moments, he continues to foster a love for the past among history enthusiasts, teachers, and their eager students alike.